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The application of forensic geology to investigate the substitution of zinc ingots between China and Brazil

Fábio Augusto da Silva Salvador, View ORCID ProfileMatheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva, Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas and Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 492, 4 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP492-2018-83
Fábio Augusto da Silva Salvador
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific DirectoryBrasília, Brazil
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  • For correspondence: salvador.fass@dpf.gov.br
Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific SectorCuritiba, Brazil
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  • ORCID record for Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva
Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific SectorCuritiba, BrazilLaboratory of Mineral and Rocks, Department of Geology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger
Laboratory of Mineral and Rocks, Department of Geology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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Abstract

This paper presents the investigation of fraud and of the theft of metal acquired by a Brazilian company from a Chinese supplier. Zinc ingots were transported by ship from China to the city of Londrina, in Paraná State, Brazil. However, they were substituted at some point during their journey, and replaced with bags containing fine crushed rock. In this case of a classic ‘substitution’ it was possible to use geological methods to investigate the crushed rock. As such, the mineralogical, petrological and isotope analysis showed the replaced rock did not originate from a Brazilian provenance. Therefore, the substitution possibly occurred before the cargo's arrival in Brazil. An inadequate chain of custody of the cargo, during transportation from Asia to Brazil, including the onward journey from Paranaguá to Londrina, is likely to have provided the opportunity for the material exchange to take place. Collaboration between the Brazilian Federal Police and geological experts based in academia enabled the crime to be investigated and solved.

  • © 2019 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 488 (1)
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The application of forensic geology to investigate the substitution of zinc ingots between China and Brazil

Fábio Augusto da Silva Salvador, Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva, Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas and Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 492, 4 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP492-2018-83
Fábio Augusto da Silva Salvador
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific DirectoryBrasília, Brazil
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: salvador.fass@dpf.gov.br
Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific SectorCuritiba, Brazil
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva
Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas
Brazilian Federal Police, Technical-Scientific SectorCuritiba, BrazilLaboratory of Mineral and Rocks, Department of Geology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger
Laboratory of Mineral and Rocks, Department of Geology, Federal University of ParanáCuritiba, Brazil
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The application of forensic geology to investigate the substitution of zinc ingots between China and Brazil

Fábio Augusto da Silva Salvador, Matheus Pereira Nogueira e Silva, Ricardo de Oliveira Mascarenhas and Anelize Manuela Bahniuk Rumbelsperger
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 492, 4 November 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP492-2018-83
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