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Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada

View ORCID ProfileCooper D. Stacey, View ORCID ProfileD. Gwyn Lintern, John Shaw and Kim W. Conway
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 427-451, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-191
Cooper D. Stacey
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Lead)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for Cooper D. Stacey
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
D. Gwyn Lintern
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • ORCID record for D. Gwyn Lintern
John Shaw
2Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada
Roles: [Investigation (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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Kim W. Conway
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
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Abstract

Douglas Channel is a 140 km-long fjord system on Canada's west coast where steep topography, high annual precipitation and glacially over-deepened bathymetry have resulted in widespread slope failures. A 5 year project involving numerous marine expeditions to the remote area produced a comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and frequency of slope failures in the region. A classification scheme is presented based on morphology and failure mechanism: (1) debris flows are the most common in all parts of the fjord – they are often small with a subaerial component where fjord wall slope is very high or tend to exceed volumes of 106 m3 where fjord wall slope is lower, allowing for accumulation of marine sediments; (2) large failures of oversteepened glacial sediments occurring at transgressive moraines and glaciomarine plateaus following deglaciation – the largest is at Squally Channel with an estimated volume of 109 m3; (3) fjord wall failures that involve bedrock slump or rock avalanche; (4) translation of marine sediments; (5) composite/other slides; and (6) two scallop-shaped sackungen, or deep-seated gravitational slope deformations of granodiorite with volumes exceeding 60 × 106 m3. The postglacial marine sedimentary record shows evidence of large-scale slope failures of all styles that were especially active following deglaciation. The Holocene marks a transition to a lower frequency and change to primarily debris flows and smaller rock slides. Slope failures that may be capable of generating tsunamis and may be damaging to coastal infrastructure have occurred in all parts of Douglas Channel through much of the Holocene. Here we present a morphological analysis with volume estimates and age control using multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution sub-bottom data and sediment cores. The study details an extensive analysis of slope failures in a fjord network that can be extended to other fjord environments.

  • © 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Natural Resources. Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 500 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 500
2020
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Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada

Cooper D. Stacey, D. Gwyn Lintern, John Shaw and Kim W. Conway
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 427-451, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-191
Cooper D. Stacey
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Lead)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Cooper D. Stacey
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
D. Gwyn Lintern
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for D. Gwyn Lintern
John Shaw
2Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Atlantic, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada
Roles: [Investigation (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Kim W. Conway
1Natural Resources Canada, Geological Survey of Canada Pacific, 9860 W Saanich Rd, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada
Roles: [Writing - Original Draft (Supporting)]
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site

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Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada

Cooper D. Stacey, D. Gwyn Lintern, John Shaw and Kim W. Conway
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 500, 427-451, 20 May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP500-2019-191
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