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The geometry and dimensions of fault-core lenses

Roy H. Gabrielsen, Alvar Braathen, Magnus Kjemperud and Marie Lovise R. Valdresbråten
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 439, 249-269, 5 February 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP439.4
Roy H. Gabrielsen
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Alvar Braathen
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Magnus Kjemperud
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
2Present address: Core Energy, Oslo, Norway
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Marie Lovise R. Valdresbråten
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
3Present address: BP Exploration, Stavanger, Norway
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Abstract

Field analysis shows that fault cores of brittle, extensional faults at a medium to mature stage of development are commonly dominated by lozenge-shaped horses (fault-core lenses) characterized by a variety of lithologies, including intact, mildly to strongly deformed country rock derived from the footwalls and hanging walls, various types of fault rocks of the protocatalasite and breccia series, breccia, fault gouge and clay smear. The lenses are sometimes stacked to form complex duplexes. These structures are commonly separated by high-strain zones of sheared cataclasite, and/or clay smear/clay gouge. The geometry and distribution of clay gouge in high-strain zones sometimes display evidence of intrusion, indicating high fluid pressure.

Although the sizes of the horses vary over several orders of magnitude, they frequently display a length:thickness (a:c) ratio of between 1:4 and 1:15.

The high-strain zones of fault rocks commonly constitute unbroken, 3D membranes that are likely to constrain fluid communication both across and along the fault zone.

There are significant contrasts in fault core architecture that are probably related to processes associated with contrasting fluid pressure, strain intensity and strain hardening/strain softening. Faults associated with strain softening are characterized by less abundant brittle deformation products and are less likely to be conduits for fluid flow compared to those that are affected by strain hardening.

  • © 2017 The Author(s). Published by The Geological Society of London. All rights reserved
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 439 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 439
2017
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The geometry and dimensions of fault-core lenses

Roy H. Gabrielsen, Alvar Braathen, Magnus Kjemperud and Marie Lovise R. Valdresbråten
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 439, 249-269, 5 February 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP439.4
Roy H. Gabrielsen
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Alvar Braathen
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Magnus Kjemperud
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
2Present address: Core Energy, Oslo, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Marie Lovise R. Valdresbråten
1Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
3Present address: BP Exploration, Stavanger, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site

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The geometry and dimensions of fault-core lenses

Roy H. Gabrielsen, Alvar Braathen, Magnus Kjemperud and Marie Lovise R. Valdresbråten
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 439, 249-269, 5 February 2016, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP439.4
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