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Thick-skinned thrusting in the northern Tien Shan foreland, Kazakhstan: structural inheritance and polyphase deformation

Martin Kober, Nadine Seib, Jonas Kley and Thomas Voigt
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 19-42, 11 April 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP377.7
Martin Kober
1Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Wöllnitzer Straße 7, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Nadine Seib
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Jonas Kley
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
3Present Address: Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Thomas Voigt
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Abstract

The northern front of the Cenozoic Tien Shan mountains in Kazakhstan comprises east- to NE-trending thrust-related basement uplifts. Some of these are open, asymmetric anticlines, whereas others are fault-bounded blocks. Where emergent and exposed, the bounding faults dip steeply at 45–70°. Large-wavelength open folds in the Cenozoic cover also overlie basement structures. The Palaeozoic basement of volcanic, (meta-) sedimentary and granitic rocks contains older structures such as folds, slaty cleavage, faults and dykes. Some Cenozoic faults truncate all earlier structures, just as some Cenozoic folds are independent of the attitudes of underlying stratified basement rocks. The strongest control on the Cenozoic structure is exerted by steep, NW-striking basement faults that induce along-strike segmentation and lateral terminations of some basement ridges. A few of these basement faults had already been reactivated as normal faults during a Cenozoic phase of east–west extension that preceded folding and thrusting. Some normal faults show reactivation as dextral strike-slip faults during the contractional phase, which is still active today. Since the NE to east trend of the main basement ranges has no obvious precursor structures, we interpret the thick-skinned structures to essentially reflect the modern shortening direction, modulated but not dominated by pre-existing basement faults. Variations in local kinematics over time are probably due to strain partitioning in the anisotropic basement, not to changing far-field stresses. The occurrence of steep dip-slip reverse faults apparently unrelated to reactivation presents an unsolved mechanical paradox similar to some low-angle normal faults.

  • © The Geological Society of London 2013
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 377 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 377
2013
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Thick-skinned thrusting in the northern Tien Shan foreland, Kazakhstan: structural inheritance and polyphase deformation

Martin Kober, Nadine Seib, Jonas Kley and Thomas Voigt
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 19-42, 11 April 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP377.7
Martin Kober
1Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Wöllnitzer Straße 7, 07749 Jena, Germany
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
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  • For correspondence: martinkober81@gmail.com
Nadine Seib
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Jonas Kley
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
3Present Address: Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Thomas Voigt
2Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
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Thick-skinned thrusting in the northern Tien Shan foreland, Kazakhstan: structural inheritance and polyphase deformation

Martin Kober, Nadine Seib, Jonas Kley and Thomas Voigt
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 19-42, 11 April 2013, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP377.7
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Geological framework
    • Regional structure
    • Types of Cenozoic thick-skinned structures
    • Structural relations and relative timing: the Katutau–Duyantau piedmont
    • Kinematics of Cenozoic deformation
    • Reactivation of basement structures
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