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Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Prasanta Sanyal and R. Sinha
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 342, 153-183, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP342.11
Prasanta Sanyal
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
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R. Sinha
2Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Fluvial sediments of the Siwalik succession in the Himalayan Foreland Basin form the most important continental archive for reconstructing monsoonal fluctuations during the Late Miocene to Late Pleistocene. A number of proxy records suggest multiple phases of monsoonal intensification with peaks at 10.5, 5.5 and 3 Ma after which the strength of the monsoon decreased to modern day values with minor fluctuations. Detailed evaluation of Late Quaternary interfluve stratigraphic development in the Ganga plains shows that interfluve areas near the major rivers aggraded periodically between 27 and 90 ka. They subsequently degraded or accumulated sediment only locally, probably reflecting decreased monsoonal precipitation around the Last Glacial Maximum. Increased precipitation during the 15 to 5 ka period of monsoon recovery probably increased discharge and promoted incision and widespread badland formation. In western India, the fluvial records back to c. 128 ka suggest a stronger monsoon around 80 ka followed by periods of weakened monsoon around 70 to 30 ka and progressive desiccation in the glacial period. Holocene lacustrine records from western Rajasthan suggest maximum lake levels at c. 6 ka and complete desiccation between c. 3 and 4 ka.

  • © The Geological Society of London 2010
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 342 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 342
2010
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Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Prasanta Sanyal and R. Sinha
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 342, 153-183, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP342.11
Prasanta Sanyal
1Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
R. Sinha
2Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]

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Evolution of the Indian summer monsoon: synthesis of continental records

Prasanta Sanyal and R. Sinha
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 342, 153-183, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP342.11
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Geological settings and stratigraphy
    • Monsoonal reconstruction from Siwalik successions using multi-proxy data
    • Late Quaternary continental records from the Indian sub-continent
    • Discussion
    • Conclusions
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