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Insights into the origin of mantle graphite and sulphides in garnet pyroxenites from the External Liguride peridotites (Northern Apennine, Italy)

Alessandra Montanini, Riccardo Tribuzio and Danilo Bersani
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 337, 87-105, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP337.5
Alessandra Montanini
1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, via G.P. Usberti 157A, I-43100 Parma, Italy
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  • For correspondence: alessandra.montanini@unipr.it
Riccardo Tribuzio
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
3Centro di Studio per la Cristallochimica e per la Cristallografia, CNR, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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Danilo Bersani
4Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 7A. I-43100 Parma, Italy
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Abstract

This paper describes a rare occurrence of graphite in non-cratonic mantle rocks. Graphite has been found in garnet clinopyroxenite layers from the External Liguride peridotites that represent slices of subcontinental lithospheric mantle exhumed at the ocean floor in Mesozoic times. The high-pressure assemblage of the pyroxenites is characterized by garnet+Al–Na-rich clinopyroxene, and testifies to an early stage of equilibration at approximately 2.8 GPa and 1100 °C. Graphite occurs as small dispersed euhedral flakes and stacks of flakes. Structural characterization by microRaman spectrometry indicates a highly ordered structure, compatible with a high-temperature mantle origin. C isotope composition of graphite has a typical mantle signature. Fe–Ni–Cu sulphides occur as accessory phases, both as blebs enclosed in silicates (E-Type) and interstitial grains (I-Type). The sulphide assemblage (Ni-free pyrrhotite, pentlandite, Cu–Fe sulphides) mainly reflects subsolidus exsolution from high-temperature Fe–Ni–Cu monosulphide solid solutions with variable Ni (up to 18 wt%) and Cu content (up to 7 wt%). The origin of E- and I-Type sulphides requires the existence of an immiscible Fe–Ni–Cu sulphide liquid, which segregated from the partial melt of the garnet pyroxenite. Graphite precipitation in the pyroxenite was presumably related to the reduction of a more oxidized carbon species interacting with the sulphide liquid as a reducing agent.

  • © The Geological Society of London 2010
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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 337 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 337
2010
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Insights into the origin of mantle graphite and sulphides in garnet pyroxenites from the External Liguride peridotites (Northern Apennine, Italy)

Alessandra Montanini, Riccardo Tribuzio and Danilo Bersani
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 337, 87-105, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP337.5
Alessandra Montanini
1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Parma, via G.P. Usberti 157A, I-43100 Parma, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: alessandra.montanini@unipr.it
Riccardo Tribuzio
2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
3Centro di Studio per la Cristallochimica e per la Cristallografia, CNR, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Danilo Bersani
4Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Parma, Via G.P. Usberti 7A. I-43100 Parma, Italy
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  • Find this author on PubMed
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Insights into the origin of mantle graphite and sulphides in garnet pyroxenites from the External Liguride peridotites (Northern Apennine, Italy)

Alessandra Montanini, Riccardo Tribuzio and Danilo Bersani
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 337, 87-105, 1 January 2010, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP337.5
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