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Distribution, timing, and causes of Andean deformation across South America

Peter R. Cobbold, Eduardo A. Rossello, Pierrick Roperch, César Arriagada, Luis A. Gómez and Claudio Lima
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 272, 321-343, 1 January 2007, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.17
Peter R. Cobbold
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Eduardo A. Rossello
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
2 CONICET y Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Pierrick Roperch
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
3 IRD (UR154-LMTG), 14 rue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse France
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
César Arriagada
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
4 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Luis A. Gómez
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
5 Ecopetrol, Bogotá, Colombia
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Claudio Lima
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
6 CENPES, Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
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Abstract

The Andean Orogeny in South America has lasted over 100 Ma. It comprises the Peruvian, Incaic and Quechuan phases. The Nazca and South American plates have been converging at varying rates since the Palaeocene. The active tectonics of South America are relatively clear, from seismological and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Horizontal shortening is responsible for a thick crust and high topography in the Andes, as well as in SE Brazil and Patagonia. We have integrated available data and have compiled four fault maps at the scale of South America, for the mid-Cretaceous, Late Cretaceous, Palaeogene and Neogene periods. Andean compression has been widespread since the Aptian. The continental margins have registered more deformation than the interior. For the Peruvian phase, not enough information is available to establish a tectonic context. During the Incaic phase, strike-slip faulting was common. During the Quechuan phase, crustal thickening has been the dominant mode of deformation. To investigate the mechanics of deformation, we have carried out 10 properly scaled experiments on physical models of the lithosphere, containing various plates. The dominant response to plate motion was subduction of oceanic lithosphere beneath continental South America. However, the model continent also deformed internally, especially at the margins and initial weaknesses.

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Geological Society, London, Special Publications: 272 (1)
Geological Society, London, Special Publications
Volume 272
2007
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Distribution, timing, and causes of Andean deformation across South America

Peter R. Cobbold, Eduardo A. Rossello, Pierrick Roperch, César Arriagada, Luis A. Gómez and Claudio Lima
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 272, 321-343, 1 January 2007, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.17
Peter R. Cobbold
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Eduardo A. Rossello
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
2 CONICET y Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Pierrick Roperch
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
3 IRD (UR154-LMTG), 14 rue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse France
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
César Arriagada
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
4 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 13518, Correo 21, Santiago, Chile
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Luis A. Gómez
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
5 Ecopetrol, Bogotá, Colombia
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  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr
Claudio Lima
1 Géosciences-Rennes (UMR6118 du CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 35042 Rennes Cedex, France (e-mail: )
6 CENPES, Petrobras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: peter.cobbold@univ-rennesl.fr

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Distribution, timing, and causes of Andean deformation across South America

Peter R. Cobbold, Eduardo A. Rossello, Pierrick Roperch, César Arriagada, Luis A. Gómez and Claudio Lima
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 272, 321-343, 1 January 2007, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.17
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