Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Maps of (a) southern Scandinavia, (b) Skåne and (c) the Höör region of central Skåne, showing the locations of the sampled deposits at Stenskogen (Höör Sandstone) and Korsaröd (volcaniclastic deposits).
- Fig. 2.
Stratigraphic chart for the uppermost Triassic and Lower Jurassic of Skåne.
- Fig. 3.
Chart showing the relative abundance of selected pollen and spore taxa from the Höör Sandstone and from the overlying unnamed volcaniclastic sediments at Korsaröd.
- Fig. 4.
Light micrographs of representative spores and pollen grains from the Höör Sandstone and the Korsaröd volcaniclastic deposits. Taxon, sample number, England Finder Reference (EFR). (a) Osmundacidites wellmanii Couper, 1953, NRM S067377, EFR M 32; (b) Deltoidospora toralis (Leschik) Lund, 1977, NRM S067377, EFR-K44; (c) Retitriletes clavatoides Döring (in Döring et al. 1963), NRM S06730, EFR-37/2; (d) Striatella seebergensis Mädler, 1964, NRM S7097, EFR-41/2; (e) cluster of Osmundacidites wellmanii; (f) Cibotiumspora jurienensis (Balme) Filatoff, 1975, NRM S067197, EFR-K23-4; (g) Marattisporites scabratus Couper, 1958, NRM S067377, EFR-N32; (h) Classopollis sp., NRM S067279, EFR-Q44; (i) Perinopollenites elatoides Couper, 1958, NRM S067279, EFR-W35/3; (j) Vitreisporites pallidus (Reissinger) Nilsson, 1958, NRM S7097, EFR-W43/3; (k) Pinuspollenites minimus (Couper) Kemp, 1970, NRM S067377, EFR-N22/4; (l) Chasmatosporites hians Nilsson, 1958, NRM S067377, EFR-P28/1; (m) Chasmatosporites apertus (Rogalska) Nilsson, 1958, NRM S067377, EFR-H32/2; (n) Eucommiidites troedssonii Erdtman, 1948, NRM S067279, EFR-K36/3; (o) Monosulcites punctatus Orłowska-Zwolińska, 1966, NRM 067197, EFR-G21; (p) Quadraeculina anaellaeformis Maljavkina, 1949, NRM S067377, EFR-P24/2.
- Fig. 5.
Principal-element geochemical signatures determined by XRF and illustrated for (a) volcaniclastic sediment samples from Korsaröd (Korsaröd 1–5 in ascending stratigraphic order) and (b) permineralized wood samples from the same site (Wood 1 and 2).
- Fig. 6.
Typical example of permineralized wood with a branch trace recovered from the volcaniclastic sediments at Korsaröd, inset of cross cut with tree rings. The scale bar is 10 mm.
- Fig. 7.
Anatomy of fossil wood (Protophyllocladoxylon sp.) from Korsaröd. (a) Transverse section through two typical growth rings: NRM S069604-01. (b) Narrow rings with minimal latewood: NRM S069604-01. (c) Rings with thick latewood: NRM S069604-01. (d) Wide growth ring with false ring in the earlywood: NRM S069638-01. (e) Radial longitudinal section showing low rays and uniseriate pitting on tracheids: NRM S069639-01. (f) Tangential longitudinal section showing uniseriate rays of two–five cells: NRM S069621. (g) Radial walls of tracheids with uniseriate, mostly contiguous, bordered pits: NRM S069639-01. (h) Radial longitudinal section showing cross-fields, each typically with one oblique elliptical pore: NRM S069622. (i) Tangential longitudinal section showing spiral fibrillar thickenings on tracheid walls: NRM S069639-02. (j) Damaged zone with possible fungal body in centre and indistinct septate hyphae (arrowed): NRM S069639-01. (k) Enlargement of tracheids in transverse section showing three phases of permineralization: thin wall coating (black arrow); thick yellowish calcite coating (white arrow); and late-stage calcitic lumen fill (cell centres): NRM S069604-01. (l) Possible fungal body within an earlywood tracheid: NRM S069639-01. Scale bars are 100 µm for (a)–(f), (i); 50 µm for (g)–(i); and 20 µm for (j)–(l).
- Fig. 8.
Plot of (a) cell radial width, (b) wall thickness and (c) cell number for a 7.5 year growth series in NRMS069604-01, showing mostly gradual transitions from earlywood to latewood.
- Fig. 9.
Plot of annual sensitivity values for two woods each measured along two radii in the Tjörnarp Sockengille [(a) OSF0246.1 and (b) OSF0246.2=TS1] and Swedish Museum of Natural History collections [(c) OSF0247.1 and (d) OSF0247.2=NRM S069689]. Note that mean sensitivities are similar but not the same when calculated for each radius, and that the pattern of annual sensitivity trends vary notably both between and within woods from Korsaröd.
- Fig. 10.
Reconstruction of a volcanic landscape in central Skåne during the late Early Jurassic, with deposition of pyroclastic and lahar sediments and fossilization of autochthonous and allochthonous plant material. Illustration by Polyanna von Knorring based on photographs by V. Vajda taken in Rotorua, New Zealand.
Tables
- Table 1.
Relative abundance of palynomorph taxa in the studied assemblages based on counts of 200 specimens per sample
Sample NMRS 067279 NMRS 067097 NMRS 067197 NMRS 067377 NMRS 089756 NMRS 089757 NMRS 089758 NMRS 089759 NMRS 089760 Bed 1 (Black clay) Bed 2 Bed 3 Bed 4 Bed 5 (white clay) Unit Höör Sandstone Höör Sandstone Höör Sandstone Höör Sandstone Korsaröd Korsaröd Korsaröd Korsaröd Korsaröd Bryophytes Stereisporites antiquasporis 0.5 0.5 Stereisporites psilatus 1.5 Total bryophyte spores 0 0.5 0 0 2.0 Lycophytes Heliosporites sp. 0.5 0 Neoraistrickia sp. 0.5 3.4 1.0 Retitriletes austroclavatidites 0.5 0 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 Retitriletes clavatoides 0.5 0 0.5 1.4 2.0 Retitriletes semimuris 0.7 1.0 Total lycophyte spores 0 1.5 0 0 2 3 3 4 2 Ferns Apiculatisporis sp. 2.5 Calamospora tener 4.3 Cibotiumspora jurienensis 2.5 0.5 1.0 2.1 1.1 2.0 Cyathidites australis 2 1.5 3.5 5.9 1.0 Cyathidites minor 13 8 34 14.5 16.3 28.4 18.6 18.8 Conbaculatisporites mesozoicus 6 2.5 0.5 2.3 Deltoidospora toralis 3 14 7 19.5 12.8 6.8 9.8 11.5 Laevigatosporites ovatus 3 Laevigatosporites major 0.5 1 Marattisporites scabratus 38 41 10.5 12 14.2 10.2 2.9 9.4 Osmundacidites wellmanii 18.5 4 11.5 10.0 5.7 2.3 2.0 6.3 Polycingulatisporites sp. 1.1 Striatella seebergensis 1.5 0.5 0.5 1.5 Todisporites major 0.5 1.5 6.5 1.0 3.1 Todisporites minor 0.5 0.5 9 Total fern spores 80.5 65 65 51 47 55 52 42 50 Gymnosperms Alisporites grandis 3.5 3.0 1.5 10.0 10.0 0.7 Alisporites robustus 0.5 1.5 Araucariacites australis 1.5 Cedripites sp. 1.5 2.8 4.5 2.0 7.3 Cerebropollenites macroverrucosus 0.5 1.5 2.1 Cerebropollenites thiergartii 1.0 Classopollis classoides 2.0 15.5 8.0 1.5 1.4 9.1 3.9 3.1 Chasmatosporites apertus 0.5 1.5 2.0 4.0 1.0 0.7 Chasmatosporites elegans 0.5 0.5 4.0 1.0 0.7 Chasmatosporites hians 3.0 7.5 6.0 12.5 2.0 Eucommiidites troedssonii 1.5 5.5 3.0 4.3 5.7 10.8 3.1 Ginkgoites nitidus 1.0 Monosaccate gymnosperm 0.5 0.5 Monosulcites punctatus 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.5 Perinopollenites elatoides 5.0 1.0 8.0 28.4 19.3 23.5 26.0 Pinuspollenites minimus 0.5 6.0 2.0 1.5 4.5 4.2 Podocarpidites sp. 1.0 5.0 1.0 Quadraeculina anaellaeformis 1.5 1.0 0.7 1.1 3.9 3.1 Rugaletes sp. 7.5 Spheripollenites psilatus 4.0 1.0 4.0 1.5 Spheripollenites subgranulatus 1.5 1.0 3.5 2.9 Vitreisporites pallidus 4.0 1.5 0.5 1.0 Total gymnosperm pollen 19.5 33.0 35.0 49.0 48 42 44 51 47 Algae Botryococcus braunii 2.0 Lecaniella sp. 2.9 1.0 Pediastrum sp. 0.5 Total algae 2.5 2.9 1.0 Sample Si% Al% Fe% Ti% Mg% Ca% Bal% Korsaröd-5 22.4 8.8 1.0 0.8 0 0.2 64 Korsaröd-4 17.2 5.4 10.2 1.2 0.8 0.4 63.7 Korsaröd-3 16.1 4.9 9.7 1.2 0.6 0.5 66 Korsaröd-2 15.9 5.3 11.7 1.5 1.1 0.6 63 Korsaröd-1 10.7 3.2 11.4 1.2 0.7 0.5 71.2 Wood 1 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 0 37 60.7 Wood 2 2 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 39 57.8 Note that Bal represents the aggregate percentage of elements with atomic numbers lower than Mg that are too light to be detected by the instrument.
- Table 3.
Growth ring dimensions and sensitivity values for fossil wood specimens and radii analysed in this study
Dendrology Laboratory number Registration number Affinities Tree part Number of years (annual rings) Tree ring width minimum (average) maximum (mm) Annual sensitivity minimum (median) maximum Mean sensitivity OSF0246.1 TS1 Cupressaceae Stem 49 0.47 (1.46) 3.21 0.000 (0.334) 1.311 0.420 OSF0246.2 TS1 Cupressaceae Stem 51 0.77 (1.78) 3.61 0.005 (0.349) 1.053 0.369 OSF0247.1 NRM S069689 Cupressaceae Branch 62 0.24 (0.59) 1.14 0.016 (0.205) 0.695 0.254 OSF0247.2 NRM S069689 Cupressaceae Branch 70 0.12 (0.49) 1.02 0.000 (0.259) 0.841 0.292
Disrupted vegetation as a response to Jurassic volcanism in southern Sweden
