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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1996; v. 99; p. 283-296;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.099.01.21
© 1996 Geological Society of London

Mathematical Modelling

Numerical modelling of extension in faulted crust: effects of localized and regional deformation on basin stratigraphy

M. Ter Voorde & S. Cloetingh

Institute of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

A numerical model for localized and regional deformation during crustal extension is presented. In this model, the behaviour of the faulted upper crust is coupled with ductile deformation in the lower crust and upper mantle. The incorporation of finite extension rates makes the model an appropriate tool for analysing the effects of synrift processes on the basin structure and stratigraphy.

Modelling results indicate that the shape of a basin depends not only on the fault geometry and the deformation mechanism, but also on the behaviour of the lower lithosphere. The authors demonstrate that onlap and offlap patterns can be caused by successive activation of a series of faults.

As shown by the modelling, the amount of footwall uplift of the fault blocks is determined by the integrated effects of deep-lithospheric and near-surface processes. Of particular importance are the spacing of the faults, the amount of extension, the depth of necking, the depth of the Moho, and the lithospheric rigidity. The rate of extension turns out to be a very important but undervalued factor for the postrift to synrift sediment thickness ratio. It is shown that this ratio increases with the extension velocity.





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