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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1995; v. 87; p. 3-15;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1995.087.01.02
© 1995 Geological Society of London

Regional setting of hydrothermal activity

C. R. German1, E. T. Baker2 & G. Klinkhammer3

1 Institute of Oceanographic Sciences Deacon Laboratory, Wormley, Surrey GU8 5UB, UK
2 NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98115-0070, USA
3 COAS Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR97331-5530, USA

High-temperature hydrothermal venting, in which heat is transferred from the lithosphere to the oceans, is intimately associated with all forms of active plate boundaries — fast- and slow-spreading centres, fracture zones and even with subduction zones, in the form of back-arc spreading centres. A range of steady-state hydrothermal vent sites are described in various tectonic settings. A selection of the more unusual hydrothermal features and their geological environments are also considered, including hydrothermal ‘events’, gas-rich vents, and sites of phase separation. Modelling of hydrothermal plumes is introduced and the importance of focused high-temperature venting is reviewed with respect to global hydrothermal fluxes.





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