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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1993; v. 74; p. 265-276;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.19
© 1993 Geological Society of London

Tethyan Himalaya

The tectonic evolution of the Northwestern Himalaya in eastern Ladakh and Lahul, India

A. Steck, L. Spring, J.-C. Vannay, H. Masson, H. Bucher, E. Stutz, R. Marchant & J.-C. Tieche

Section des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Lausanne, BFSH 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Geological studies along a transect across the Himalaya in eastern Ladakh and Lahul provide new insights into the Tertiary structural evolution of this region. The initiation of the Nyimaling-Tsarap Nappe is related to an early phase of underthrusting of India below Asia. In Lahul, an opposite vergent intra-continental underthrusting develops immediately after continental collision (NE-vergent Tandi Syncline and Shikar Beh Nappe). This NE-vergent nappe stack is responsible for the amphibolite-facies regional metamorphism of the lower Chandra Valley. The subsequent phase corresponds to the main thrusting of the SW-vergent Nyimaling-Tsarap Nappe, developed by ductile shear (87 km Eocene shortening). This nappe pile is responsible for the regional metamorphism of SE Zanskar (kyanite-staurolite near Sarchu). The root zone and the frontal part of the Nyimaling-Tsarap Nappe are subsequently overprinted by two NW-SE-orientated dextral transpressional shear zones. To the south of the investigated area, the Main Central Thrust has been developed as a shear zone in the regional metamorphic ductile crustal rocks below the older nappes to the north. In the Sarchu and Nyimaling regions, the following tectonic phase corresponds to NE-vergent ‘backfolding’ (Miocene). Normal faults in the Sarchu area record a late extension of approximately 14 km.





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