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North and West Pakistan |
1 Institute of Geology, ETH, Zürich, CH 8092, Switzerland
2 , Kreuzackerstrasse 1, 5012 Schonenwerd, Switzerland
A map is presented which summarizes the work of the ETH Himalayan Group in the Kaghan Valley and adjacent areas of the NW Himalaya in Pakistan. The stratigraphical, structural and metamorphic features of the lithologies belonging to a virtually complete section through the Indian plate are described. Evidence is presented which shows a stratigraphic range in ages from the Precambrian Salkhala Formation to the Eocene Murree Formation which have been metamorphosed at various metamorphic grades ranging from very low grades/unmetamorphosed to eclogite facies. An inverse metamorphism, associated with the Main Central Thrust is also described. A large-scale tectonic subdivision of the area into the classical Sub-, Lesser and Higher Himalayan elements can be correlated with the Kashmir Himalaya to the east. A tectonic model is presented which suggests that an anticlockwise rotation of the transport direction caused the refolding and stacking of the nappe piles in the Paleogene.
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