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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1993; v. 74; p. 207-220;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1993.074.01.15
© 1993 Geological Society of London

North and West Pakistan

Stratigraphy south of the Main Mantle Thrust, Lower Swat, Pakistan

Joseph A. Dipietro1, Kevin R. Pogue2, Robert D. Lawrence3, Mirza S. Baig4, Ahmad Hussain5 & Irshad Ahmad6

1 Department of Geology, University of Southern Indiana, 8600 University Boulevard, Evansville, Indiana 47712, USA
2 Department of Geology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, USA
3 Department of Geosciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
4 Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
5 Geological Survey of Pakistan, 86-C New Defense Officer’s Colony, Shami Road, Peshawar, Pakistan
6 National Center of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

The metamorphic sequence in Lower Swat is described and placed into the geological framework of Pakistan. The stratigraphic sequence consists of the Precambrian-Cambrian(?) Manglaur formation unconformably overlain by the Alpurai group which is subdivided into the Carboniferous or younger Marghazar formation, and the Triassic or younger Kashala, Saidu, and Nikanai Ghar formations. A third unit, the Jobra formation of unknown age, is present as discontinuous lenses unconformably below the Alpurai group. Type sections are indicated for each rock unit. Comparison with the stratigraphy in the Peshawar Basin indicates that the Lower Swat area existed as a highland with active normal faulting during and perhaps before deposition of the Marghazar formation. The Marghazar formation appears to be a rift facies that correlates with the Panjal Traps of western India. The Kashala and Nikanai Ghar formations represent a transition to a stable shelf environment. These units may correlate, in part, with the Zanskar Supergroup of western India. The Saidu formation may represent drowning of the shelf as it was pulled down and overridden by the Main Mantle Thrust suture melange. It may correlate with the Lamayuru Formation of western India. The Alpurai group thus records a depositional history from Late Paleozoic breakup of Gondwana, to development of a passive Mesozoic shelf, to drowning of the shelf at the onset of Himalayan orogeny.





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