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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1992; v. 64; p. 121-129;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.064.01.08
© 1992 Geological Society of London

Modern Upwelling Systems and Palaeo-Upwelling Criteria

Physical upwelling processes, upper ocean environment and the sediment record of the southwest monsoon

David M. Anderson*,1, John C. Brock2 & Warren L. Prell1

1 Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
2 Code 971, Oceans and Ice Branch, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA

We used a one-dimensional model of upwelling driven by the surface windfield to examine the relationship between wind-driven physical upwelling processes, changes in the plankton environment and modern (coretop) sediments in the northwest Arabian Sea. The model resolves the vertical upwelling velocity into a coastal component related to transport away from a solid boundary and a second component related to the curl in the wind stress. The coastal component is an order of magnitude larger than the curl component but restricted to <100 km offshore. In offshore waters (>100 km), upwelling is directly related to the curl in the wind stress. Model-derived upwelling is in reasonable agreement with estimates of the vertical velocity off Oman, and correlated with the cool waters and thin mixed layer found along the coast of Oman. The response of the biota to these environmental changes is observed in remotely sensed images of phytoplankton biomass during the Southwest Monsoon, and in distinct foraminifer species distributions in modern (coretop) sediments.


* Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA




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F. J. C. Peeters and G.-J. A. Brummer
The seasonal and vertical distribution of living planktic foraminifera in the NW Arabian Sea
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2002; 195: 463 - 497.
[Abstract] [PDF]