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Excursion Guide |
Department of Geology, Queens University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
Introduction to basins in the north of Ireland
The pre-Devonian terranes of the north of Ireland consist, from northwest to southeast, of Dalradian and Moinian rocks forming the upland regions of Cos. Donegal, Londonderry and Tyrone, an Ordovician volcanic terrane which crops out in Co. Tyrone, and the Ordovician-Silurian Longford-Down Massif. The volcanic terrane is related to an ophiolite complex (Hutton et al. 1985), equivalent to the Highland Border Group in Scotland, while the Longford-Down outcrop is a continuation of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. Also, as in Scotland there are small outcrops of Ordovician and Silurian strata between these terranes which are relatively unmetamorphosed (Pomeroy and Lisbel-law inliers). These occur in the Midland Valley, unconformably overlain by Devonian (Old Red Sandstone) sediments which constitute the Fintona Block in Co. Tyrone.
The outcrop of Carboniferous rocks (Fig. 1) includes the North West Basin, which is contiguous with the Omagh and Slieve Beagh Basins, and thick sequences in East Tyrone and North Antrim. Permo-Triassic rocks accumulated in two major basins, the Magee or Larne-Lough Neagh Basin and the Rathlin Trough, separated by the Highland Border Ridge, a partly fault-bound high of Dalradian rocks. Triassic continental rocks are succeeded by Rhaetic- Lower Jurassic and subsequently Upper Cretaceous marine sediments which transgressed across the entire region. The northeast of Ireland was flooded by Palaeocene basalt lavas, while the Mourne plutonic complex intruded the crust of Co. Down. The youngest sedimentary basin is the Oligocene Lough Neagh Basin, a fault-bounded complex which developed on
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