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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1991; v. 59; p. 273;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1991.059.01.18
© 1991 Geological Society of London

Part IV: Trap Leakage and Subsequent Migration

Leakage from deep reservoirs: possible mechanisms and relationship to shallow gas in the Haltenbanken area, mid-Norwegian Shelf

E. Vik, O. R. Heum & K. G. Amaliksen

Statoil, Forushagen (UND-GE), Post books 300, 4001 Stavanger, Norway

Haltenbanken is a gas rich province. Investigations so far have shown that large amounts of thermogenic gas have been generated, and that the major source for this gas probably is the coal in the Lower Jurassic Åre Formation. Maturity of the Åre Formation is greatest in the western part of the area, where the formation is in the wet to dry gas window. The main part of the gas was probably generated there.

To understand migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons, it is essential to know the prevailing pressure relationships. The pressure distribution in the reservoir formations and in the overlying potential seal, is normally different and will be discussed separately. A rapid subsidence in the Pliocene caused the Cretaceous and also the lowermost Tertiary packages to be overpressured over the main part of the Haltenbanken area. Overpressured Cretaceous caprocks is the main sealing agent for several of the Jurassic reservoirs. The pressures in the Jurassic reservoir formations are more varied, with normal pressures in the eastern and central parts, and severe overpressures in the western part. Areas with severely overpressured reservoirs coincide with the areas where the Åre Formation is in the wet to dry gas window.

The overpressuring of the reservoirs in the western areas is partly due to this coincidence (volume expansion due to cracking) and partly due to structural features. The eastern and central part of the area is characterized by large, open structures, while the structures in the west are smaller and more heavily faulted. Assuming

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D. A. Karlsen, J. E. Skeie, K. Backer-Owe, K. Bjorlykke, R. Olstad, K. Berge, M. Cecchi, E. Vik, and R. G. Schaefer
Petroleum migration, faults and overpressure. Part II. Case history: The Haltenbanken Petroleum Province, offshore Norway
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2004; 237: 305 - 372.
[Abstract] [PDF]