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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1988; v. 38; p. 573-584;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1988.038.01.39
© 1988 Geological Society of London

Mid-Devonian-Permian Activity in the Caledonian-Appalachian Orogen

Mid-Devonian to early Permian volcanism: Old World

E. H. Francis

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK

Three major episodes of activity are distinguished in each of three volcanotectonic provinces. The provinces are represented by a craton to the N and the Moldanubian zone (including central Iberia) in the S separated by the orogen which combines the inner Saxothuringian-Ossa Morena zone with the outer Rhenohercynian-S Portuguese zone. During the first episode (380–325 Ma) activity did not begin on the craton until early Carboniferous and was then continental, alkaline and mainly basaltic; in the orogen, however, bimodal mainly tholeiitic activity assumed to be back-arc in character continued from early in the Devonian, while the southern province was experiencing calc-alkaline volcanism probably related to northwards subduction of the proto-Tethys ocean crust. The second episode saw the alkaline activity of the craton becoming volumetrically reduced and largely more phreatic, while the orogen became volcanologically inactive and calc-alkaline activity probably continued in the S, although the evidence (distal ash-fall farther N) is indirect. In the third episode the orogen, now accreted to the northern craton, experienced, with the craton, renewed and more silica-undersaturated alkaline activity related to newly formed fracture patterns, while in the southern province there was a resurgence of calcalkaline activity.





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