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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2007; v. 285; p. 247-264;
DOI: 10.1144/SP285.14
© 2007 Geological Society of London

Ancient basins

Sedimentology and geochemistry of the Middle Miocene (Badenian) salt-bearing succession from East Slovakian Basin (Zbudza Formation)

K. Bukowski1, G. Czapowski2, S. Karoli3 & M. BAbel4

1 University of Mining and Metallurgy, Al. Mickiewicza 3., PL-30-059 Cracow, Poland (e-mail: buk{at}geolog.geol.agh.edu.pl)
2 Polish Geological Institute, Rakowiecka 4, PL-00-975 Warsaw, Poland (e-mail: grzegorz.czapowski{at}pgi.gov.pl)
3 Geological Survey of Slovak Republic, Branch Kosice, Jasenskeho 9, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia
4 Institute of Geology, Warsaw University, Al. Zwirki i Wigury 93, PL-02-089 Warsaw, Poland (e-mail: m.babel{at}uw.edu.pl)

The Middle Miocene (Badenian) evaporites have formed within more or less restricted basins, occupying the Carpathian Foredeep and inner depressions in the East Slovakian Basin of the Carpathians. Their deposition coincided with the increased tectonic activity in the Carpathians, evidenced by volcanic eruptions (widespread volcaniclastics) and frequent earthquakes. These phenomena apparently initiated landslides, submarine slumps and turbidity currents which formed deposits characterized by rapid facies changes and relatively limited lateral continuity. The clastic–evaporitic deposition in the Zbudza area (East Slovakian Basin) was controlled by frequent tectonic and seismic phenomena and high continental clastic supply that produced repeated slump sediments with dominant proximal mass flows and distal flows and diverse salt types (salt/clay rhythmites, finer halite–arenites, coarse halite–rudites). These zones are separated by primary salt units (halite) precipitated in situ from bottom brines during calm periods. The observed cyclicity (I–V cycles) reflects varied tectonic activity of the basin margins, that mechanically remobilized the sediments from marginal salt pans, flats and adjacent uplifts, and could be correlable with cycles in the Wieliczka Formation from Carpathian Foredeep.