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Reservoir case studies |
1 Golder Associates (UK) Ltd, Browns Lane Business Park, Stanton-on-the-Wolds, Nottinghamshire NG12 5BL, UK
3 Golder Associates Gmbh, Vorbruch 3, D-29227 Celle, Germany
4 Norske Shell, Postboks 40, 4098 Tananger, Norway
6 BP Norway, Forusbeen 35, P.O. Box 197, 4035 Stavanger, Norway
The Valhall Field is an Upper Cretaceous chalk reservoir located in the Central Graben area of the North Sea with production coming from the fractured Tor and Hod formations. Well tests and production history indicate that these formations are highly heterogeneous and that significant fluid flow occurs through both the matrix and fracture system. However there remained significant uncertainty about the specific controls and location of the main productivity conduits and how they would influence sweep efficiency during planned water flood. To address these uncertainties a range of possible conceptual fracture models were considered with respect to controls on major flow within the reservoir. Analysis indicated that the reservoir is dominated by a connected series of seismic scale faults acting as major flow conduits with smaller fractures providing a less significant enhancement to matrix permeability. A key input to this study was the examination of over 80 well tests. Simulation of a number of key well tests using a simple discrete fracture network model comprising a connected fault network and pseudo-matrix layer was able to reproduce the majority of the observed pressure derivative shapes. This gave some confidence to the understanding of major reservoir flow paths as well as providing calibrated fault properties for direct inclusion within the simulation model.
