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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2006; v. 259; p. 191-207;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.259.01.16
© 2006 Geological Society of London

Part 3: Rifting in the Afar volcanic province: Modelling and kinematics

The Wonji fault belt (Main Ethiopian Rift): structural and geomorphological constraints and GPS monitoring

Alberto Pizzi1, Mauro Coltorti2, Bekele Abebe3, Leonardo Disperati4, Giorgio Sacchi2 & Riccardo Salvini4

1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Campus Universitario, Università di Chieti, Italy pizzi{at}unich.it
2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Siena, Via di Laterina, 5-53100 Siena, Italy coltorti{at}unisi.it
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia bekelino{at}yahoo.com
4 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Centro di Geotecnologie, Università di Siena, Via Vetri Vecchi, 34-52027 San Giovanni Valdarno (AR), Italy disperati{at}unisi.it

The Wonji Fault Belt (WFB), Main Ethiopian Rift, forms a network of faults oriented NNE-SSW with a Quaternary direction of extension oriented c. N95° E. Faults are spaced between 0.5 and 2 km, show a fresh steep scarp, recent activity and slip rates of up to 2.0 mm a–1. This high value of deformation along the rift floor with respect to the plate separation rates suggests that most of the active strain could be accommodated by magma-induced faulting within the rift. However, the mountain front morphology associated with a displacement of 300–400 m since the Middle Pleistocene, tilted-blocks, brittle-seismic fault rock fabric and historical earthquakes with M>6 support a tectonic origin of the Asela boundary fault. Therefore, we propose a model that considers the possible coexistence of both magmatic deformation at the rift floor and brittle faulting at the rift margin. We also report the data relative to a GPS network installed in December 2004, along two transects across the WFB, between Asela and the Ziway Lake.





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