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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2003; v. 216; p. 291-308;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.216.01.19
© 2003 Geological Society of London

Polygonal Faults and Sediment Mobilization

Normal faulting in chalk: tectonic stresses vs. compaction-related polygonal faulting

C. Hibsch1, J. Cartwright2, D.M. Hansen2, P. Gaviglio3, G. André1, M. Cushing4, P. Bracq5, P. Juignet6, P. Benoit7 & J. Allouc8

1 UMR G2R, Université Henri-Poincaré, BP 239, 54056 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France christian.hibsch{at}g2r.uhp-nancy.fr
2 Dept of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, PO Box 914, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3YE, Wales UK
3 EA 2642 Géosciences, Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray 25030 Besançon cedex France
4 IRSN / DPRE / SERGD / BERSSIN, BP 17, 92262 Fontenay-aux-roses, France
5 Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, L.I.S.E, 32 avenue Foch, 62 930 Wimereux., France
6 Lab. Géologie de Normandie occidentale, Université de Caen, 14032 Caen cedex, France
7 Lab. hydrologie, 10170 Méry-sur-Seine, France
8 ENSG — INPL, BP 40, 54501 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy cedex, France

This paper documents normal fault sets observed in chalks exposed in widely separated localities in the UK and France. These faults are characterized by having a wide range of strikes at any one locality, are developed entirely within the chalk succession and do not seem to interconnect to deeper or shallower structures. These structures may result from two different mechanisms: (1) complex polyphase deformational histories involving contrasting stress states; or (2) a single deformational phase in which the faults develop to accommodate compactional strains. Evidence is presented from microstructural and petrographic data to support the latter interpretation. In particular, the association of calcite and marcasite mineralizations with fracture surfaces and fault zones and textural observations relating flint occurrence to early fault formation point towards fault propagation at a very early stage of burial and compaction of the chalky sediments. An analogy is drawn between these outcrop-scale structures and polygonal fault systems at a larger scale recognised from seismic observations of chalk sequences deposited at passive continental margins. The origin of these structures may be related to syneresis at an early stage of deformation followed by pressure solution phenomena that may reactivate this early-inherited polygonal fault pattern until the present day.





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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]