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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2003; v. 214; p. 175-195;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.214.01.11
© 2003 Geological Society of London

Coupled mineral-fluid evolution of a basin and high: kaolinization in the SW England granites in relation to the development of the Plymouth Basin

Agamemnon Psyrillos1,2, Stuart D. Burley3,4, David A. C. Manning1,5 & Anthony E. Fallick6

1 Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford Road, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
2 , B’Parodos Andrea Miaouli 9, Katerini 60100, Greece
3 Development Geoscience, BG Group, 100 Thames Valley Park Drive, Reading RG6 1PT, United Kingdom
4 Basin Dynamics Research Group, University of Keele, Keele ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
5 School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom david.manning{at}ncl.ac.uk
6 SUERC, East Kilbride, Glasgow, G75 0QU, Scotland

A new genetic model is proposed for the formation of the St Austell kaolin deposits, incorporating geological, isotopic, paragenetic and microthermometric evidence from kaolin-quartz veins combined with a reconstruction of the thermal evolution of the Cornubian pluton during the Mesozoic. Fluid inclusions in quartz, paragenetically associated with kaolin, document that the kaolinization took place at temperatures between 50°C and 100°C, indicating that the kaolinization is a low-temperature hydrothermal event coincident with the oil generation window.

Kaolinization occurred prior to the unroofing of the pluton, during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous. The kaolinization is thus contemporary with the major Early Cretaceous uplift that affected the Cornubian massif as a consequence of rifting in the offshore Western Approaches. Geological, isotopic and geochemical considerations argue strongly against the involvement of unmodified meteoric waters in the kaolinization process. The most plausible fluid types for the kaolinization are either basinal brines expelled from Permo-Triassic sediments of the adjacent offshore Plymouth Basin, or highly evolved meteoric waters that circulated through the sediments enclosing the pluton. The kaolinization process converted large volumes of fractured granite to a porous quartz-kaolin rock matrix.





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Controls on primary porosity and permeability development in igneous rocks
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2003; 214: 93 - 107.
[Abstract] [PDF]