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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2003; v. 208; p. 1-28;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.208.01.01
© 2003 Geological Society of London

Tracing tectonic deformation using the sedimentary record: an overview

Tom McCann1 & Aline Saintot2

1 Geologisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nußallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany tmccann{at}uni-bonn.de
2 Vrije Universiteit, Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen, Tektoniek afdeling, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Tectonic activity, on a range of scales, is a fundamental control on sedimentary activity. The range of structural deformation within a region extends from the plate tectonic scale, governing, for example, rift initiation, to the basin scale, with the formation of basinbounding faults. Internal basin configuration is also strongly influenced by tectonic activity. However, the relationship between tectonic activity and sedimentation is a complex one, given the many additional factors which can also influence sedimentary activity, including erosion, sediment transport, source area lithology, groundwater chemistry, range of depositional environments, climate, eustasy, and the relative location of an area and its distality to marine influences. In this paper we provide a selective overview of the issues associated with the interlinked themes of tectonics and sedimentation, examining the main basin types forming in both extensional and compressional plate settings. We then review the various models of sedimentation in the selected basins, both on a local and a basinal scale. Finally, we look to the future — providing a series of possible research areas, almost exclusively multidisciplinary, which would help to improve existing models of interlinked sediment-tectonics systems.





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