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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2002; v. 202; p. 179-194;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2002.202.01.09
© 2002 Geological Society of London

Reconstruction of Sub-Ice Volcanoes and Ice Sheet Thicknesses from Geomorphological and Lithofacies Analysis and Volatile Compositions

Glacial influences on morphology and eruptive products of Hoodoo Mountain volcano, Canada

B. R. Edwards1 & J. K. Russell2

1 Department of Geology, Dickinson College, Caroline, PA 17013-2896, USA edwardsb{at}dickinson.edu
2 Igneous Petrology Laboratory, Department of Earth & Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada

Hoodoo Mountain volcano (HMV), a Quaternary composite volcano in northwestern British Columbia, is a well-exposed example of peralkaline, phonolitic icecontact and subglacial volcanism. Its distinctive morphology and unique volcanic deposits are indicative of subglacial, within-ice, and/or ice-contact volcanic eruptions. Distinct ice-contact deposits result from three different types of lava-ice interaction: (1) vertical cliffs of lava, featuring finely jointed flow fronts up to 200 m in height, resulted from lava flows being dammed and ponded against thick masses of ice; (2) pervasively-jointed, dense lava flows, lobate intrusions, and domes associated with mantling deposits of poorly-vesiculated breccia are derived from volcanic eruptions contained beneath relatively thick ice; and (3) an association of pervasively-jointed, highly-vesicular lava flows or dykes encased by vesicular hyaloclastite of identical composition formed by eruption under and/or through relatively thin ice. The distribution of these three deposit types largely explains the distinctive morphology of Hoodoo Mountain and can be used to reconstruct variations in ice thickness surrounding the volcano since c.85 ka. Our analysis suggests that at c.85 ka Hoodoo Mountain erupted underneath ice cover of at least several hundred metres. At c.80 ka eruptions were no longer subglacial, but the edifice was surrounded by ice at least 800 m high that dammed lava flows around the perimeters of the volcano. After a period of eruptions showing no apparent evidence for ice interaction, from <80 to >40 ka, subglacial eruptions began again, signalling the build-up of regional ice levels. Local ice thickness during these eruptions may well have been over 2 km thick.





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M. C. Kelman, J. K. Russell, and C. J. Hickson
Effusive intermediate glaciovolcanism in the Garibaldi Volcanic Belt, southwestern British Columbia, Canada
Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2002; 202: 195 - 211.
[Abstract] [PDF]