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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2001; v. 189; p. 271-288;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2001.189.01.16
© 2001 Geological Society of London

The modern water interface: recognition, protection and development — advance of modern waters in European aquifer systems

K. Hinsby1, W. M. Edmunds2, H. H. Loosli3, M. Manzano4, M. T. Condesso De Melo5 & F. Barbecot6

1 Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Thoravej 8, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark khi{at}geus.dk
2 British Geological Survey, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
3 University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
4 Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Edificio D-2, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
5 Universidade de Aveiro, Departamento de Geociencias, Aveiro 3800, Portugal
6 Universite de Paris-Sud, Batiment 504, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

Modern groundwater that has recharged aquifers within the past 50 a shows the influence of humans globally, either by the presence of small concentrations of environmental tracers or in some cases by severe pollution. This study describes important environmental tracers (e.g. 3H, 85Kr, chlorofluorocarbons, SF6) and contaminants (e.g. NO3–}, pesticides, chlorinated solvents) for modern groundwater dating and recognition of human impacts. Some applications of the described tracers in aquifers investigated in the PALAEAUX study are presented in order to illustrate the advance of modern waters in European aquifer systems. The study shows that the location of the modern water interface varies within a range of between c. 10 and c. 100 m in the investigated aquifers due to variations in hydrogeological setting, climate and exploitation of the groundwater resource. The subsurface distribution of the modern water indicators and contaminants demonstrate that the advance of modern groundwaters and the fate of harmful substances in them have important implications for protection and development of the water resources. Contaminants that do not degrade or degrade only very slowly will advance further into the aquifers and may eventually contaminate even deep groundwater systems.





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