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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2000; v. 177; p. 47-79;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.177.01.04
© 2000 Geological Society of London

Cladistic perspectives on early bivalve evolution

J. G. Carter1, D. C. Campbell1 & M. R. Campbell2

1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3315, USA clams{at}email.unc.edu
2 Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1005 East Tenth Street, Bloomington IN 47401, USA

Parsimony analysis suggests derivation of the Bivalvia from monoplacophorans rather than from rostroconchs, and additionally indicates that a phylogenetic classification of the Bivalvia can be achieved by erecting the superorder Nuculaniformii nov. and the order Nuculanoida nov. for the superfamily Nuculanoidea; relegating all other palaeotaxodonts to the superorder Nuculiformii; restricting the order Nuculoida to the families Nuculidae and Pristiglomidae; expanding the order Solemyoida to include ctenodontid genera as basal plesions; restricting the superorder Heteroconchia to palaeoheterodonts and heterodonts, exclusive of the Modiomorphidae; relegating the new family Evyanidae, the Colpomyidae, Matheriidae and Modiolodontidae to near-basal plesion status within the superorder Pteriomorphia; restricting the Mytiloida to the superfamily Mytiloidea, inclusive of modiolopsid genera as basal plesions; placing Ortonella as a basal plesion within the Cyrtodontoida; expanding the order Pectinoida to include the Myodakryotidae and the suborders Limina and Pectinina; and expanding the superfamily Arcoidea to include the frejid genera and Catamarcaia as basal plesions, and the family Glyptarcidae. Modiomorphid anomalodesmatans appear to be more closely related to the Pteriomorphia than to the Heteroconchia, and Evyana lies close to the common ancestry of modiomorphids and colpomyid pteriomorphians. Arcoids may have evolved from left-right symmetrical but otherwise rhombopteriid-like ancestors, rather than from actinodontoids or directly from cyrtodontids. The new family Eodonidae is proposed to distinguish the nacreous genus Eodon from the non-nacreous Astartidae within the superfamily Crassatelloidea.





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