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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 2000; v. 173; p. 353-384;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.17
© 2000 Geological Society of London

Neotectonics

When Did the Western Anatolian Grabens Begin to Develop?

Yücel Yilmaz1, S. Can Genç1, Fevzi Gürer2, Mustafa Bozcu3, Kamil Yilmaz3, Zekiye Karacik1, Safak Altunkaynak1 & Ali Elmas4

1 Istanbul Technical University, Mining Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Maslak, TR-80626 Istanbul, Turkey yilmazy{at}itu.edu.tr
2 Kocaeli University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Kocaeli, Turkey
3 Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, Isparta, Turkey
4 Istanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Avcilar, TR-34850 Istanbul, Turkey

To solve a long-lasting controversy on the timing and mechanism of generation of the western Anatolian graben system, new data have been collected from a mapping project in western Anatolia, which reveal that initially north-south trending graben basins were formed under an east-west extensional regime during Early Miocene times. The extensional openings associated with approximately north-south trending oblique slip faults provided access for calc-alkaline, hybrid magmas to reach the surface. A north-south extensional regime began during Late Miocene time. During this period a major breakaway fault was formed. Part of the lower plate was uplifted and cropped out later in the Bozdag, Horst, and above the upper plate approximately north-south trending cross-grabens were developed. Along these fault systems, alkaline basalt lavas were extruded. The north-south extension was interrupted at the end of Late Miocene or Early Pliocene times, as evidenced by a regional horizontal erosional surface which developed across Neogene rocks, including Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene strata. This erosion nearly obliterated the previously formed topographic irregularities, including the Bozdag elevation. Later, the erosional surface was disrupted and the structures which controlled development of the Lower-Upper Miocene rocks were cut by approximately east-west trending normal faults formed by rejuvenated north-south extension. This has led to development of the present-day east-west trending grabens during Plio-Quaternary time.





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