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Geological Society, London, Special Publications; 1997; v. 119; p. 281-299;
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1997.119.01.18
© 1997 Geological Society of London

Cenozoic Deposits

Recent manganese oxide deposits in Hokkaido, Japan

Hiroyuki Miura1 & Yu Hariya2

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, 060, Sapporo, Japan
Hokkaido Institute of Technology, 006, Teine-ku, Sapporo, Japan

Recent manganese oxide deposits and manganese-bearing hot-spring waters from Hokkaido, Japan have been studied. There are many active hot-springs in the volcanic zones in Japan and stable isotope data ({delta}D) show that the hot-spring water is derived from surface water. Some hot-spring waters precipitate manganese oxides. They are black, soft and muddy. SEM micrographs show a pipe structure coated by manganese oxides which indicates the role of microorganisms in manganese precipitation. X-ray powder diffraction reveals that they consist of todorokite or birnessite. Pyrolusite is not a primary product from hot-spring waters, but a recrystallized product in the post-depositional environment. Manganese oxides alternated with calcareous sinter and are crusty and consist of rancieite. The concentration of heavy metal elements in manganese oxide is controlled by the crystal structure of magnanese oxide minerals present in the deposits and todorokite contains the most heavy metal elements. REE concentration varies widely and the negative Ce anomaly is an indicator of depositional rate.